Mrs. Yeager's Homepage

Nursing 205 Homepage

Nursing 215 Homepage

Nursing 230 Homepage

READ CAREFULLY:

1. Taylor, Lillis, & LeMone, Chapter 45 (pp. 1271 - 1332)
2. Class lecture notes off the Internet

TERMS TO KNOW:

1. Acid
   1. a substance containing hydrogen ions that can be liberated or released
2. Active transport
   1. movement of solutes across a selectively permeable cell membrane, usually against a pressure gradient and with the expenditure of metabolic energy, from an area of higher concentration of solutes to an area of lower concentration of solutes until equilibrium is established; pumping uphill"
3. Alkali (base)
   1. a substance that can accept or trap hydrogen ions
4. Anion
   1. atoms that carry a negative charge
5. Cation
   1. atoms that carry a positive charge
6. Colloid (oncotic) pressure
   1. the pressure exerted by solutes in water; "water-pulling pressure"
7. Dehydration
   1. deficiency in the amount of water in the ECF without a deficiency in electrolytes
8. Diffusion
   1. movement of solutes across a selectively permeable cell membrane from an area of higher concentration of solutes to an area of lower concentration of solutes until equilibrium is established; "coasting downhill"
9. Electrolyte
   1. substances capable of breaking down into electrically charged ions when dissolved in solution
10. Extracellular fluid
    1. fluid outside the cells
11. Extracellular fluid compartment
    1. body fluid compartment that contains fluid outside the cells
12. Filtration
    1. movement of solutes and solvent across a permeable cell membrane from an area of higher concentration of solutes to an area of lower concentration of solutes until equilibrium is established
13. Filtration pressure
    1. the difference between the colloid osmotic, or oncotic, pressure and hydrostatic pressure
14. Fluid volume deficit
    1. deficiency in both the amount of water and electrolytes in the ECF where water and electrolyte proportions remain near normal; commonly known as hypovolemia
15. Fluid volume excess
    1. excessive retention of water and sodium in similar proportions to normal ECF; commonly known as hypervolemia
16. Hydrostatic pressure
    1. the pressure exerted by water within a closed system on the wall of a container in which it is contained; "water-pushing pressure"
17. Hypercalcemia
    1. calcium excess in the ECF, or serum calcium level greater than 10.5 mEg/L
18. Hypocalcemia
    1. calcium deficit in the ECF, or serum calcium level less than 8.5 mEg/L
19. Hyperkalemia
    1. potassium excess in the ECF, or serum potassium level greater than 5.0 mEg/L
20. Hypokalemia
    1. potassium deficit in the ECF, or serum potassium level less than 3.5 mEg/L
21. Hypermagnesemia
    1. magnesium excess in the ECF, or serum magnesium level greater than 3.0 mEg/L
22. Hypomagnesemia
    1. magnesium deficit in the ECF, or serum magnesium level less than 1.3 mEg/L
23. Hyperphosphatemia
    1. phosphate excess in the ECF, or serum phosphate level greater than 4.5 mEg/L
24. Hypophosphatemia
    1. phosphate deficit in the ECF, or serum phosphate level less than 2.5 mEg/L
25. Hypernatremia
    1. sodium excess in the ECF, or serum sodium level greater than 145 mEg/L
26. Hyponatremia
    1. sodium deficit in the ECF, or serum sodium level less than 135 mEg/L
27. Intracellular fluid
    1. fluid within the cells
28. Intracellular fluid compartment
    1. body fluid compartment contains fluid within the cells
29. Metabolic acidosis
    1. primary deficit of bicarbonate ions in the ECF
30. Metabolic alkalosis
    1. primary excess of bicarbonate ions in the ECF
31. Osmolality
    1. the concentration of solutes in body fluids
32. Osmosis
    1. movement of a solvent across a selectively permeable cell membrane from an area of higher concentration of solutes to an area of lower concentration of solutes until equilibrium is established
33. Overhydration
    1. an excess in the amount of water in the ECF without an excess in electrolytes
34. Respiratory acidosis
    1. a primary excess of carbonic acid in the ECF
35. Respiratory alkalosis
    1. primary deficit of carbonic acid in the ECF
36. Tonicity
    1. may be used to refer to the osmolality of a solution
37. Total-body water
    1. refers to the total amount of water in the body expressed as a percentage of body weight

LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

1. Lecture
2. Discussion
3. Read the following PRIOR to class:
   1. Taylor, Lillis, & LeMone, Chapter 45 (pp. 1271 - 1332)
   2. Class lecture notes off the Internet

STUDY QUESTIONS TO REVIEW FOR TEST:

1. Primary functions of water.
2. Body fluid compartments.
3. Variations in total body-water content.
4. Measurement of electrolytes.
5. Regulation of electrolytes.
6. Osmosis.
7. Diffusion.
8. Active transport.
9. Filtration.
10. Fluid balance.
11. Acid-base balance.
12. pH of blood.
13. Fluid imbalances: fluid volume deficit (FVD) and fluid volume excess (FVE).
14. Dehydration and overhydration.
15. Electrolyte imbalances.
16. Acid-base imbalances.
17. Normal/abnormal arterial blood gases.
18. Diagnoses related to fluid imbalances.
19. Planning, implementing, and evaluating fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances.

Return to Top